An Open Letter from Alfred Sonnenstrahl

Alfred Sonnenstrahl

10910 Brewer House Road

Rockville, MD 20852-3463

Voice: 800-683-5152 / TTY: 301-770-7555 / Fax: 301-770-7555 / email: sonny@pobox.com

March 18, 2010

To Whom It May Concern:

Is the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in violation of the 1934 Telecommunications Act?

When the FCC was created in 1934, its main mission was to protect consumer rights. To date, it appears that the FCC has been protecting the rights of the industry, especially one large company, rather than the rights of consumers, especially deaf and hard-of-hearing consumers.

Is the FCC in violation of Title 4 of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)?å

The purpose of Title 4 of the ADA was and is to ensure that deaf and hard-of-hearing American citizens have equal access to telecommunications, similarly to hearing peers. When the ADA was enacted in 1990, the FCC, a federal agency which had no history in protecting the rights of people with disabilities, was given the responsibility to regulate and enforce the functional equivalency of all telecommunications-related services, including video relay services (VRS), that enabled deaf and hard-of-hearing people to use videophones to see and communicate in sign language with video interpreters who use voice telephones to speak with hearing people and convey messages back to the VRS user in sign language. Functional equivalency includes interoperability of telecommunication services and interconnect-ability of telecommunication equipment. It appears that due to the apparent impassivity of the FCC, one company has created ways to keep relay customers in their walled garden in order to gain a monopoly.

The FCC has allowed Sorenson Communications to develop various strategies that generate federally operated funds at the expense of deaf and hard-of-hearing Americans. For example, this company has had a tradition of encouraging sole use of its videophones and minimized interconnectivity with competitor videophones (see below for further description). Also, through its free equipment loaner program, this company prevented hearing people with signing skills from having videophones for direct communication access with deaf sign language users; thereby forcing them to use federally funded VRS instead of communicating directly with their deaf and hard-of-hearing children, parents, siblings or friends, thereby generating additional federal revenue for Sorenson Communications. In addition, the FCC has allowed Sorenson Communications to use profits from federally funded programs to hire high-powered lawyers and lobbyists to justify their apparent abuses to maximize capital gains and create its own consumer organization, which carries the name of VRS Consumer Association.

Is the FCC in violation of the Federal Court Order issued by Judge Harold Greene in 1981? Is the FCC in violation of the 1996 Telecommunications Act?

In response to the U.S. Department of Justice’s antitrust suit against AT&T, Judge Greene in 1981 issued an order of restrictions including the separation of services and products that led to the break-up of AT&T. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 included these restrictions. It appears that the FCC has been encouraging the service providers to manufacture their own products. This directly contravenes a 1968 FCC ruling on interconnect-ability. For example, VRS providers such as Sorenson Communications and Purple Communications manufacture and program their own videophones. Purple sells their videophones while Sorenson has a free loan program for their videophones. In addition, Purple and Sorenson also provide video relay services.

Is the FCC in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act?

The purpose of the Sherman Antitrust Act was and is to prohibit abusive monopolies. It appears that recent FCC decisions or non-decisions (delayed decisions, if any) have resulted in abusive monopoly at the expense of consumers with disabilities and the telecommunications industry that should ideally encourage competition. Also, it appears that the FCC has developed a federal monetary mechanism to allow one monopolistic company, run by several hearing executives earning federally funded seven figure salaries, net at least 50% or at least $3.00 per minute or total federally funded annual net of $500,000,000 while the rest of its competitors net a few pennies per minute.

Is the FCC in violation of Title 1 of the Americans with Disabilities Act?

The purpose of Title 1 of the Americans with Disabilities Act was to provide qualified individuals with disabilities an equal opportunity to benefit from the full range of employment-related opportunities available to others. The FCC recently issued a ruling stating that the VRS companies will be responsible for the cost of VRS calls made by respective deaf and hard-of-hearing employees. Interestingly, practically all of the administrators or directors within the FCC who made decisions that affect daily life of deaf and hard-of-hearing people had no or minimal hands-on experience with relay services, orientation, or training of any kind on deafness and the obstacles to equal treatment in the workplace. Also, within several thousand FCC employees, there is only one deaf VRS user in the whole agency. This ruling, even though it may have been well intended for this specific case, could start the precedent for all other agencies and employers to issue similar policies which would be discriminatory in terms of deaf and hard-of-hearing employees being unable to use their company’s telecommunications setup to do job-related functions as their hearing counterparts do. These employees would also be viewed as a liability instead of as an asset.

Background:

In 1991, the FCC created regulations for intra- and inter-state telecommunications relay services using text telephone networks. Since the average typing speed of text users speed was about 30-40 words per minute, the voice users were finding the traditional relay service using text telephones not functionally equivalent, as it was inconvenient and extremely time ineffective.

Eventually, a more functional equivalent system, namely video relay services (VRS) was created. Through the use of webcams and sign language interpreters, the transmission speed of words approached a normal rate of about 200 words per minute through the Internet. As a result, hearing people in various settings including employment settings were much more receptive and accepting of the possibility of effective, rapid communication with deaf and hard-of-hearing people through VRS.

When Sorenson Communications learned about the VRS and the FCC’s federally managed reimbursement program, they created the company’s own VRS network and loaned their videophones, which were originally designed for telemedicine, to deaf and hard of hearing people at no cost with the understanding that these individuals were to use their services at least 30 minutes each month. These videophones were programmed to be operable only with Sorenson VRS, meaning that they were non-operable with any other video relay services including the federal relay services. Also, they isolated their Internet network to create segregation from the videophones developed by competing companies, which thereby resulted in a monopoly. After several years of lengthy prodding from deaf and hard of hearing consumer-oriented national organizations such as Telecommunications for the Deaf, Inc. (TDI), Deaf and Hard of Hearing Consumer Action Network (DHHCAN) and National Association of the Deaf (NAD), the FCC finally issued a succinct order to discontinue the 30-minute requirement and minimize the non-interoperability of services without any reprimand. Sorenson cooperated with this order but took a long time to discontinue the 30-minute requirement and inform the public of the discontinuance, which left users with the fear of losing their access to the videophone network if they did not adhere to the 30-minute requirement. In addition, the connections between Sorenson and all other videophones remain complicated. This is clearly NOT equivalent to the flexibility of people who hear regarding product and user choices and automatic interoperability.

Due to the FCC’s inactivity in the past eight years, and the possible role of a Senator’s influence within the FCC, Sorenson Communication’s market share grew to about 85%.

The FCC ignored the functional equivalent recommendations made by the FCC’s sponsored VRS Reform panel held on December 17, 2009 and followed up on Sorenson Communication’s complaints regarding some of its competitors’ apparent illicit abuse of federally managed funds by unilaterally issuing non-functional equivalent restrictions on the use of relay services among consumers and requested smaller companies to return funds retroactively for two years. Due to the insolvency caused by severe reduction in cash flow, several companies either have to be or are in the process of being dissolved, thereby severely constricting competition. As a result of the dissolution, a few hundred deaf and hard-of-hearing employees, especially in management positions, who for the most part have followed regulations, lost their jobs.

Regarding all of the above, we should ask the following questions:

1. Since the FCC was charged to implement the ADA, what modifications of telecommunications laws or rules such as inter-connections of videophones has the FCC made to comply with the ADA?
2. Why is the FCC complying with Sorenson’s recommendations to penalize its competitors for possible abuses while not penalizing Sorenson for forcing thousands of users to patronize its services for at least 30 minutes each month?
3. Why is the FCC allowing this company to net at least $3.00 per minute or about half a billion dollars in 2009 while the rest of its competitors earn a few pennies each minute?
4. Why is the FCC requesting new videophones made by smaller competitors to include obsolete technology to be interconnect-able with Sorenson videophone and not requesting Sorenson to include current technology to be interconnect-able with all other videophones?
5. Why is the FCC allowing Sorenson to refrain from showing Caller IDs while requesting all other competitors to do so?
6. Why is the FCC allowing Sorenson to have toll-free numbers interconnect-able within its videophone network and non-interconnect-able with competiting videophones?
7. Why is the FCC allowing Sorenson practice reverse discrimination by not allowing hearing people have videophones and force them to use their services paid by federally managed funds?

In closing, it is strongly recommended that the FCC be investigated for possible violations non-compliance with federal statutes as mentioned earlier and corrections be made as soon as possible. I believe your investigation will corroborate what I have described in this letter. As an extremely concerned consumer, I appreciate your consideration of the contents in this communication.

Sincerely,

Alfred Sonnenstrahl

TDI Executive Director 1987-1996

Participant in the development of Titles 2 and 4 of the ADA

You Are Powerful.

This is an afterthought from the recent letter to the community that I wrote about the Gallaudet Presidential Search of 2009 – “Dynamic President to Represent Paradigm Shift”.

On October 18, the Board of Trustees will announce the new leader who will represent the Gallaudet community within the next decade. Whether she or he will represent us well is unknown; however, as we all know or will learn is that no one person can truly represent the masses. George Bush most certainly didn’t represent me.

We cannot control the Board of Trustees’ decision as much as we couldn’t control the decision in 2006, but we can control our reactions. The 2006 protest was evidence of that. We were powerful then, and we – you – are still powerful today.

I am not suggesting another protest; I am suggesting the exact opposite. Suppose the new President isn’t visionary? Suppose the new President does not understand that the education of the deaf in the South is Gallaudet’s responsibility?

That every deaf child sexually molested by her/his guardian because of the perception that s/he has no value is Gallaudet’s responsibility?

That the low employment rate of deaf people is Gallaudet’s responsibility?

That the re-framing of the ‘disability framework,’ which has dominated the Western ideology and suffocated a wide range of human bodies, is Gallaudet’s responsibility?

We are among the most oppressed groups of humans in the world. Why? One reason, and one reason only: To hear and speak is to be human; therefore, we are subhuman. What is this called? A framework. A frame of mind. An interpretation. A major, major, major oversight of our true human-ness.

Now…who can change this framework? You. You are Gallaudet. You are powerful.

Here’s how:

1. Demand that the Curriculum of Undergraduate Education committee establish a Bachelor of Fine Arts in filmmaking/television production. We need more talented filmmakers who can articulate our message to the world. Without this, we can never influence ideological shift.

2. Demand that the outreach department work with BisonTV in reaching out to the city of District of Columbia with the purpose of setting up a local television channel so students can broadcast their productions locally outside of campus. Howard University has its own local channel broadcast to every dorm room. Why can’t Gallaudet have the same? Without the means to distribute students’ work, there is no point in making movies and shows. Wider distribution begets higher quality work and creates healthy competition among filmmakers.

3. Demand that Gallaudet establish a separate unit that focuses on professional quality film productions (much like HBO’s “The L Word”) focusing on narrating diverse lives and stories within the ‘deaf spectrum,’ addressing a multitude of issues as well as entertaining and educating the world. This will have the greatest impact on creating ideological shift and thus create increased employment opportunities for Gallaudet graduates. Do not put this within the current television department under the Dr. Cindy King or Earl Parks domain. They once told me this, “We do not create. We provide services only.” They have no interest in or any understanding of the importance of creating quality film productions. (Actually, the entire television staff – except for a few – need to go. They have been around for 30 years and have contributed nothing to students’ professional and academic growth.)

4. Demand that the Deaf Education program (undergraduate and graduate) incorporate activism-related courses into their curriculum. You must be an activist if you’re going to be a teacher. Once you enter the system and you don’t know how to make changes occur, then you become a part of the problem. This is why the cycle of low standards continues – because teachers from Gallaudet do not know how to affect changes. Read Saul Alinsky’s “Rules for Radicals.” Make it your bible.

5. Demand that Gallaudet (or even the Student Body Government) host a biennial Think Tank for the purpose of developing frameworks to be distributed to the world through various mediums. Read George Lakoff’s “Don’t Think of an Elephant.”

6. Many more can be done. Look around and determine your course of action.

You have power. All you have to do is simply to understand that the most powerful person in the world is a person who recognizes that s/he has power. Yes. If you haven’t already, watch or read “The Secret.” It’s an amazing film and I can most certainly affirm its claims.

Inspired? Look at yourself in the mirror and say, “You are powerful,” then get to work. Be Gallaudet! Little deaf kids around the world are counting on you.

And, of course, one more thing…Dear New President, you also are powerful, not because of the position you now hold, but because of the choices before you. You can either take the safe route and strengthen the ship for the voyage on the calm sea of status quo or brave the uncharted territory toward new discoveries and wealth of untapped knowledge.

You are powerful.

Bittersweet nostalgia...

The recent announcement of the Presidential finalists brought back some great memories as well as some ugly ones. The great memories lie in the students' revolutionary resolve to follow through with their movement despite the odds stacked against them. How the community managed to harness their own internal fire to achieve something seemingly impossible is no small thing, and it has transformed many of us in positive ways, some of which are still being felt today. The ugly memories are of the blatant arrogance exhibited by the campus security officers, certain Board members, and of Irving K. Jordan's manipulation and distortion of the media spin on the real reasons of the protest. Also, probably the ugliest memory of all is the fraction on campus regarding racism, sexism, and audism that were evident and pervasive throughout the Presidential Search Process and the Protest from the beginning to the end. The administrators' cowardly unwillingness to allow the community members to engage in meaningful dialogue to hash out the attitudes, perceptions, as well as the misconceptions ended up bringing Gallaudet's morale to an all time low.

Much damage has been done and not a lot was done to allow healing to take place. The university’s accreditation was nearly revoked due to Jordan and Fernandes's failure to do their job. Thanks to Davila's fiscal conservativeness and solid old school principled leadership, he steered the ship out of Fernandes’s 'Perfect Storm' rhetoric. Let us extend our heartfelt thanks to Davila and the committed faculty, staff, students, and alumni's hard work in revamping the curriculum, as well as the creation of the new mission statement that was long overdue, and the development of the strategic goals with stronger teeth.

Now Gallaudet has been steered and aligned in place for a world of possibilities, we must ask: Where do we go from here?

Before we ponder this question, we need to think of a response to a question that Dr. Dirksen Bauman presented to his graduate students as part of a final exam for one of his classes in 2007: Is deafness worth preserving?

That very question was like a razor slicing through a thick shroud of naive hopefulness and superficiality that lay behind the "Deaf Culture Cherish Must!" rally cry that was oft seen for the past two or three decades.

"Deafness" is synonymous for 'calamity' in the eyes of the world's ideology. It's the worst thing that can happen to anybody, according to popular medical/audiological belief.

With the rise of cochlear implants and the increased popularity of AVT (auditory verbal therapy) which philosophy is to teach babies how to "listen" and "speak" using their CI’s without any visual 'assistance' including sign language, more and more deaf babies are being aggressively discouraged from learning sign language based on gross ideological misconceptions.

Now, another question we must ask is: Who will attend Gallaudet in 15 - 20 years?

Ok... the burning question: Who should be the next President of Gallaudet?

I don't have a clear preference. I believe that all the candidates have the potential to lead Gallaudet. However, who is the right one for NOW? Which one of them has a keen understanding of where we are now, and how we should 'define' what 'deaf' entails? Because of the current framework in asking what 'deaf' means, we continue to see low literacy rates among deaf children in both ASL and English, we continue to see Deaf Education programs being run without accountability, we continue to see attacks on American Sign Language for deaf babies (despite popularity among hearing babies), we continue to see low employment rates for deaf people, and perhaps most pressing of all is that deaf people have zero political clout.

What has Gallaudet done about all this? Historically, not a damn thing. Gallaudet resisted recognizing the bilingual nature of the university until 2007 in its mission statement despite William Stokoe's breakthrough research in 1965, in addition to a widely published acclaim by numerous researchers for multilingualism. Gallaudet resisted training teachers in Bilingual Education until after 2001. Gallaudet is a multi-million funded dollar institute and therefore in a position to have a significant influence on the ideological shift in the human consciousness regarding "D-E-A-F" and yet, does the university flex its muscles? No.

This is a proposition, or perhaps, a challenge to the Board to pick a President who has the guts to stand up to the world and sign "YAWP!!!" We need a visionary for a President, who will not resort to reactive and defensive decisions in responding to the future "demographics" as a result of the continuing onslaught brought on by ideological misconceptions. The resonance of Pierre Desloges, Agatha Tiegel Hanson, and Andrew Foster must be felt as the next President takes charge in leading Gallaudet into the realm of coming up with an innovative framework. If the next President of Gallaudet does not have what it takes to lead this potentially fine institute of higher education and create a paradigm shift on what it means to be human, then we should begin preparing for its vigil. It is up to the Board and the next President to either bow to the current ideology or grab it boldly and entice it to dance as if nobody's watching.

Respectfully yours,

Ryan Commerson

'01 and G '08